2023年6月25日 星期日
PHC Rx List 公共衛生中心藥物清單
2023年6月11日 星期日
風濕熱Rheumatic Fever (諾魯當地很常見的疾病)
2023年6月4日 星期日
非典型血栓阻塞型Non-specific CAD心絞痛的成因與治療
2023年5月21日 星期日
組織胺高的食物 容易導致各種不適症狀



2023年5月6日 星期六
飲食治療選項 DASH得舒飲食(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension,DASH diet)
DASH得舒飲食(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension,DASH diet),意為停止高血壓的飲食型態,由美國國家衛生院國家心肺與血液研究所(NHLBI)於1997年發表的一項飲食方法。得舒飲食富含水果、蔬菜、全穀類以及低脂食物;包含魚、肉、家禽、堅果與豆類;並且限制高糖食物及飲料、紅肉以及添加脂肪的攝取。除了對於血壓的效果之外,得舒飲食也是一個設計給社會大眾的均衡飲食模式。得舒飲食也被美國農業部推薦為所有美國人的理想飲食計畫之一。[1]
得舒飲食最初是美國國家衛生院(NIH)研究的三種飲食計畫之一。在高血壓前期的患者身上,得舒飲食降低了6毫米汞柱的收縮壓與3毫米汞柱的舒張壓,在高血壓患者身上則分別降低了11與6毫米汞柱。這些血壓變化都是建立在沒有體重變化的情況下。得舒飲食會根據每日的卡路里攝取量而調整,每日從1600到3100卡路里不等。[2]在台灣,相關研究亦顯示得舒飲食對高血壓初期的病人有降血壓的效果。[3]
對心臟有益的最佳營養攝入(OmniHeart)[4]試驗進一步檢驗得舒飲食,發現得舒與得舒-鈉飲食的研究結果證明,在富含碳水化合物的飲食模式中強調蔬果與低脂乳製品,並降低飽和脂肪酸、總脂肪與膽固醇攝取,會大大降低血壓與低密度脂蛋白。OmniHeart同時也證明若是將一部份的碳水化合物替換成蛋白質(大約一半為植物性來源)或是不飽和脂肪(大部分為單元不飽和脂肪酸),則可以進一步地降低血壓,低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)與心血管疾病的風險。[5]
2018年1月,在美國新聞與世界報導中,得舒飲食被選為第一名的「最佳飲食」「最佳健康飲食」「最佳心臟健康飲食」,並且在「最佳糖尿病飲食」中獲得第二名。[6]
得舒飲食的飲食結構亦與地中海飲食相似
2023年4月17日 星期一
遵照醫囑順從性
從病人對於遵照醫囑服藥的習慣性來看,與藥物的治療劑量及服用時間有所關連,普遍而言,比較差的病人,其疾病的惡化程度甚至死亡率及增加醫療的成本都是比較高的。至於要如何查知病人的順從性,其實最簡單的做法就是讓醫師以和緩的口氣,詢問病人有無"經常錯過"吃藥時間而未吃藥,或是因為其它因素而無法按指示服藥,而不是用審判的口氣去質疑他們為何不吃藥。然而病人有時可能怕醫師生氣,或是為了要迎合醫師的心理,而向醫師謊稱"有乖乖吃藥",所以在此建議辛苦的醫師們可用同理心告知病人,如:"我知道要您每天按時服藥不是一件容易的事情,可是也請您要告訴我(醫師)您每天服藥的狀況,這樣我(醫師)才能幫助您解決困難哦!"這種同理心可使大部份的病人感到比較舒坦些,也較能"據實以告"以解決服藥順從性的問題。
最常見引起病患順從性不佳的因素有:(1)精神方面的問題:如焦慮、憂鬱等。(2)認知功能的問題,如失智症等。(3)使用非必要的藥物。(4)藥物的治療不符合治療準則。(5)藥物的副作用反應。(6)藥物的價格昂貴。(7)藥物的治療效果未達預期。(8)治療藥物過於複雜(掛太多科)等。此外,醫護人員也會請病人示範藥物的使用動作、或者經由抽血定期監測某些慢性病藥物在血中或代謝物的濃度,以及病人的生化或生理指標,如:血糖或血壓等,來確認病人的服藥順從性是否是良好。
"順從性變差"在臨床中依然很常見,這是個值得被大眾正視及思考的問題,若能有效提升病人與醫療關係間的"互信感",簡化醫療作業以及檢視藥物使用,追蹤病人服藥情況,依照個別病人狀況提供不同的服務,並且有效利用統計方法找出最常見的問題予以解決,如此才能真正對病人有實質的幫助,也才能提升藥物治療的效果,並減少醫療成本的浪費。
2022年12月8日 星期四
2022年11月30日 星期三
2022年11月17日 星期四
遠距視訊醫療及諾魯總統參訪中榮遠距中心(會診台中榮總整形外科主任醫師及鍾醫師)
諾魯公衛中心 糖尿病足診間
幫病患診療及換藥
2021年12月2日 星期四
充滿驚奇的 Home Visit
在諾魯平常的醫療工作,除了公衛中心看診、RONH醫院門診跟大查房之外,還有幫忙家訪。
家訪,顧名思義,就是真的走進諾魯人家中,幫忙那些可能過於衰弱或截肢、不良於行、無法親自到醫院或門診就醫的患者。
我個人覺得家訪是一個蠻特別的醫療,可能因為本身不是家庭醫學科醫師,自己在台灣是沒有什麼機會擔任家訪醫師的。在這個全新的國度,家訪讓我們暫時抽離了乏味的門診診間,深入諾魯人的家,除了看診之外也體驗一下諾魯人真正的生活環境。
來這裡行醫,不知不覺三個月也將近到了尾聲,家訪的行程幾乎散布了全島14個行政區。每次家訪會有1-3 Zone nurse隨行,Zone nurse可以協助幫病患量血壓、量體溫、測血糖,甚至也能幫糖尿病足的病人換藥、幫缺乏家庭支持的糖尿病患者注射胰島素。
興奮的是,又要走進一個全新的諾魯家庭,就像開百貨公司新春福袋一樣,你永遠不知道迎接你的什麼環境跟什麼樣的案例,讓人莫名的緊張跟刺激,但難過的事,一但你打開了這個驚喜包,卻常常發現自己其實什麼也不能做。畢竟在台灣,我們早已被訓練成過度專科化、專業化的醫師。但當你真正深入到了第三世界,你會發現其實專科化的醫療仰賴的是完整的medical team work,但當你孤孓一人時,常常也只能兩手一攤,無計可施。
甚至在我來的9-12月醫療支援期間,在11-12月整整一個多月RONH抽血機器都在under maintenance,直到今日我仍然無法幫門診病患開立任何抽血檢查(到目前機器都沒修好),在沒辦法抽血檢查、放射檢查也非常有限、藥物治療少得可憐、當地沒有其他專科醫師可轉診的情況下,如何只能靠身體檢查診斷跟治療疾病,真的考驗的是各位的經驗了~~~很多時候只能空猜測、卻沒有驗證的工具,就好像上戰場打仗卻只能赤手空拳囉!
好幾次的家訪,我都很驚訝這樣『自然』的環境也能是一個家庭呢!
印象最深刻的是某次開車途中,看到諾魯的小孩幾乎都不穿鞋子在草叢玩樂的很開心。也看過一個諾魯小孩拿著棉被跟枕頭,突然在路邊的草叢躺下,蓋上棉被睡覺,直接與大自然融為一體,真的內心十分震撼!
但諾魯人看到台灣醫生來了,往往高興到笑得合不攏嘴,在他們臉上看不到太多的愁容,樂天知命、隨遇而安的民族性,也讓人大開眼界~雖然自己很多時候幫不上很多忙,但台灣No.1的印象還是深植諾魯人心中,我想Mental Support就是一種最大的Spiritual healing吧!
2021年12月1日 星期三
RONH負壓隔離病房 New Opening
諾魯,位居南太平洋的美麗小島,目前還是一個 completely COVID free的國家。
然而,因應世界COVID疫情不斷擴大,周圍的南太平洋島國疫情也劍拔駑張,諾魯在一年多前就默默地開始準備負壓病房的設立了。
在澳洲High Commission及台灣外交部的醫療捐贈及醫療專業知識協助下,經過一年的翻修和改裝,終於在2021/11/26早上於 RON 醫院廣場前舉辦了負壓隔離病房的揭牌儀式,算是諾魯在應對 COVID-19 方面的另一項里程碑式的成就。
諾魯國家衛生部部長伊莎貝拉 (Isabella Dageago) 為擁有 17 個床位的急症負壓病房揭幕並發表演說,該病房將成為未來發生 COVID-19 時,治療諾魯 COVID-19患者的重要設施。
除了諾魯政府衛生部人員、醫院院長、醫院醫師、以及公衛中心Director之外,Australian High Commissioner 海倫 (Helen Cheney) 及台灣大使及大使館館成員也參與了這場盛事,
Australian High Commissioner Helen Cheney及王大使發表了演說,台灣也藉此機會簽署了一份合作備忘錄(MOU), MOU上還能見到台中榮總的標誌呢!在在展現了諾魯醫療與台灣醫院之間的合作及承諾,各位偉大的台灣醫師持續為諾魯人提供優質的在地醫療服務。
接下來參觀一下諾魯全新開張的負壓隔離病房喔~~現場還有展示遇到COVID-19染疫病患時,醫療人員如何幫助病患進行Prone position來改善氧合喔!最後負壓隔離病房內還配有小藥局,急救車、各式呼吸器氧氣裝備等等,甚至還有portable X ray及bed-side sono呢!
2021年9月12日 星期日
Nauru Rx List
https://extranet.who.int/ncdccs/Data/NRU_D1_Nauru_PEN_Chart_Version_4.pdf
[ RoNH Rx list]
1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General Anaesthetics and Gases
Isoflurane Inhalation
Ketamine 100mg/mL Injection
Nitrous Oxide Inhalation
Oxygen Inhalation
Propofol 200mg/20mL Injection
Sevoflurane Inhalation
1.2 Local Anaesthetics
Bupivacaine 0.50% Injection
0.5%+8% Glucose Injection
Lignocaine 1% Injection
2% Injection
2% Gel
Lignocaine + Adrenaline 2%+1:200,000 Injection
2%+1:80,000 Injection
Lignocaine 4% Spray
Mepivacaine 3% Injection
1.3 Preoperative Medication and Sedation for Short Term Procedures
Atropine Sulphate 0.6mg/mL Injection
1mg/mL Injection
Diazepam 5mg Tablets
5mg/mL Injection
Midazolam 5mg/mL Injection
Morphine Sulphate 10mg/mL Injection
2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICINES,
MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING AGENTS USED IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS
2.1 Non-Opioids and NSAIDS
Acetylsalicylic Acid 300mg Tablets
Diclofenac Sodium 100mg Suppository
25mg Tablets
50mg Tablets
75mg/3mL Injections
1% Gel
Ibuprofen 200mg Tablets
400mg Tablets
100mg/5mL Suspension
Naproxen 250mg Tablets
Paracetamol 500mg Tablets
125mg Suppositories
500mg Suppositories
120mg/5mL Oral Liquid
240mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Paracetamol + Codeine 500mg + 8mg Tablets
2.2 Opioid Analgesics
Codeine Phosphate 30mg Tablets
Fentanyl 50mcg/mL Injection
Morphine 10mg Tablets SR
1mg/mL Oral Liquid
10mg/mL Injection
Pethidine 50mg/mL Injection
100mg/2mL Injection
2.3 Medicines Used To Treat Gout
Allopurinol 100mg Tablets
300mg Tablets
Colchicine 0.5mg Tablets
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS
Adrenaline 1mg/mL Injection
Chlorpheniramine 4mg Tablets
Dexamethasone 4mg/mL Injection
Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate 2mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Hydrocortisone 100mg Injection
Loratidine 10mg Tablets
1mg/1mL Oral Liquid
Prednisolone 5mg Tablets
20mg Tablets
25mg Tablets
Promethazine 25mg Tablets
5mg/5mL Oral Liquid
25mg/mL Injection
4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONING
4.1 Non-Specific
Atropine Sulphate 0.6mg/mL Injection
Charcoal, Activated 50g Oral Liquid
125mg Tablets
4.2 Specific
Acetylcysteine 2g/10mL Injection
Calcium Gluconate 10% Injection
Naloxone 0.4mg/mL Injection
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
Carbamazepine 200mg Tablets
Diazepam 5mg/mL Injection
Magnesium Sulfate 50% Injection
Phenobarbitone 30mg Tablets
200mg/1mL Injections
15mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Phenytoin 100mg Tablets
50mg/mL Injection
30mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Sodium Valproate 200mg Tablets
200mg/5mL Oral Liquid
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal Anthelminthics
Albendazole 400mg Tablets
200mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Mebendazole 100mg Tablets
100mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Pyrantel 250mg Tablets
50mg/mL Oral Liquid
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Betalactam Medicines
Amoxycillin 250mg Capsules
500mg Capsules
125mg/5mL Oral Liquid
250mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Amoxycillin + Clavulanic Acid 125mg/5mL + 31.25mg/5mL Oral Liquid
600mg Tablets
Ampicillin 500mg Injection
1g Injection
Benzathine Penicillin 0.9g (1.2MU) Injection
Benzylpenicillin 600mg (1MU) Injection
Cefotaxime 1g Injection
Ceftriaxone 500mg Injection
1g Injection
Cephalexin 250mg Capsules
500mg Capsules
125mg/5mL Oral Liquid
250mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Cloxacillin/Flucloxacillin 250mg Capsules
500mg Capsules
500mg Injection
125mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin 250mg/5mL Oral Liquid
250mg Tablets
500mg Tablets
6.2.2 Other Antibacterials
Azithromycin 500mg Tablets
1000mg Tablets
40mg/mL Oral Liquid
Chloramphenicol 250mg Capsules
125mg/5mL Oral Liquid
1g Injection
Ciprofloxacin 250mg Tablets
Clarithromycin 250mg Tablets
Clindamycin 150mg Capsules
150mg/mL Injection
Doxycycline 100mg Tablets/Capsules
Erythromycin 250mg Tablets
500mg Tablets
25mg/mL Oral Liquid
Gentamicin 80mg/2mL Injection
20mg/2mL Injection
Meropenem RESTRICTED - AUTHORITY REQUIRED 1g Powder
Metronidazole 200mg Tablets
400mg Tablets
125mg/5mL Oral Liquid
200mg/5mL Oral Liquid
500mg/100mL Injection
Sulphamethoxazole + Trimethoprim 400mg + 80mg Tablets
240mg/5mL Oral Liquid
Vancomycin RESTRICTED - AUTHORITY REQUIRED 500mg Powder
6.3 Antifungal Medicines
Clotrimazole 500mg Pessaries
Itraconazole 100mg Capsules
Nystatin 100,000 I.U./mL Oral Liquid
100,000 I.U. Tablets
Terbinafine 250mg Tablets
6.4 Antiviral Medicines
6.4.1 Antiherpes Medicines
Acyclovir 200mg Tablets
Valacyclovir 500mg Tablets
6.5 Antiprotozoal Meidicnes
6.5.1 Antiamoebic and Antigiardiasis Medicines
Metronidazole 200mg Tablets
400mg Tablets
125mg/5mL Oral Liquid
200mg/5mL Oral Liquid
500mg/100mL Injection
6.5.2 Antimalarial Medicines
Chloroquine Phosphate 250mg Tablets
Doxycycline 100mg Tablets/Capsules
6.5.3 Antipneumocytosis and Antitoxoplasmosis Medicines
Sulphamethoxazole + Trimethoprim 400mg + 80mg Tablets
240mg/5mL Oral Liquid
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For Treatment of Acute Attack
Acetyl Salicylic Acid 300mg Tablets
Paracetamol 500mg Tablets
Sumatriptan 50mg Tablets
7.1 For Prophylaxis
Propranolol 40mg Tablets
8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AND MEDICINES USE IN
PALLIATIVE CARE
8.2 Cytotoxic Medicines
Methotrexate 2.5mg Tablets
8.3 Hormones and Antihormones
Dexamethasone 4mg/mL Injection
Hydrocortisone 100mg Injection
Prednisolone 5mg Tablets
20mg Tablets
25mg Tablets
8.3 Medicines used in Palliative Care
Morphine Sulphate 10mg Tablets
9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
Benztropine 2mg Tablets
1mg/mL Injection
Biperiden hydrochloride 2mg Tablets
Levodopa + Carbidopa 250mg + 25mg Tablets
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD
10.1 Anti-Anaemia Medicines
Darbapoetin alfa 40mcg/0.4mL Injection
Folic Acid 5mg Tablets
Ferrous Sulphate 200mg Tablets
Iron + Folic acid 270mg + 0.3mg Tablets
Iron 30mg/mL Oral Liquid
50mg/mL Injection
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 25mg Tablets
Vitamin B12 1mg/mL Injection
10.2 Medicines Affecting Coagulation
Heparin 1,000 I.U./mL Injection
5,000 I.U./mL Injection
Heparinised Saline 50 I.U./5mL Injection
Phytomenadione (Vitamin K) 10mg/mL Injection
1mg/mL Injection
2mg/0.2mL Injection
Protamine 10mg/mL Injection
Streptokinase 1,500,000 I.U. Injection
Tranexamic acid 1000mg/10mL Injection
Warfarin 1mg Tablets
2mg Tablets
3mg Tablets
5mg Tablets
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES
11.1 Plasma Substitutes
Mannitol 20% IV Infusion
Modified Fluid Gelatin (Gelofusine™) 4% IV Infusion
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES
12.1 Antianginal Medicines
Acetyl Salicylic Acid 100mg Tablets
Amlodipine 5mg Tablets
10mg Tablets
Atenolol 50mg Tablets
Glyceryl Trinitrate 600mcg Tablets
400mcg/dose Spray
Isosorbide Mononitrate SR 60mg Tablets
Nifedipine SR 20mg Tablets
Propranolol 40mg Tablets
Verapamil 40mg Tablets
12.2 Antiarrhythmic Medicines
Adenosine 3mg/mL Injection
Adrenaline 1mg/mL Injection
Amiodarone 50mg/mL Injection
200mg Tablets
Atenolol 50mg Tablets
Atropine Sulphate 0.6mg/mL Injection
Digoxin 250mcg Tablets
62.5mcg Tablets
Lignocaine 1% Injection
2% Injection
Magnesium Sulfate 50% Injection
Verapamil 2.5mg/mL Injection
40mg Tablets
12.3 Antihypertensive Medicines
Amlodipine 5mg Tablets
10mg Tablets
Atenolol 50mg Tablets
Hydralazine 20mg/mL Injection
Lisinopril 5mg Tablets
10mg Tablets
20mg Tablets
Methyldopa 250mg Tablets
Nifedipine SR 20mg Tablets
Propranolol 40mg Tablets
Ramipril 1.25mg Tablets
5mg Tablets
10mg Tablets
12.4 Medicines Used In Heart Failure
Adrenaline 1mg/mL Injection
Bisoprolol 5mg Tablets
Digoxin 250mcg Tablets
62.5mcg Tablets
Dobutamine 12.5mg/mL Injection
Dopamine 40mg/mL Injection
Lisinopril 5mg Tablets
10mg Tablets
20mg Tablets
Metaraminol 10mg/mL Injection
Metoprolol 25mg Tablets
50mg Tablets
Perindopril 4mg Tablets
12.5 Antithrombotic Medicines
Acetyl Salicylic Acid 100mg Tablets
Clopidogrel 75mg Tablets
Enoxaparin Sodium 40mg/0.4mL Injection
Heparin Sodium 1000 I.U./mL Injection
Streptokinase 1,500,000 I.U. Injection
12.6 Lipid-Lowering Agents
Atorvastatin 10mg Tablets
Simvastatin 20mg Tablets
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (TOPICAL)
13.1 Antifungal Medicines
Benzoic Acid + Salicylic Acid 6% + 3% Ointment
Clotrimazole 1% Cream
Miconazole 2% Cream
13.2 Anti-infective Medicines
Acyclovir 5% Cream
Chlorhexidine + Cetrimide 1mg/g + 5mg/g Cream
Neomycin + Bacitracin 0.5% + 500 I.U. Ointment
Silver Sulphadiazine 1% Cream
Solugel Gel
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and Antipruritic Medicines
Betamethasone 0.10% Cream
Calamine Lotion
Hydrocortisone 1% Cream
Sorbolene with Glycerin Lotion
13.4 Scabicides and Pediculicides
Benzyl Benzoate 25% Emulsion
Permethrin 5% Cream
1% Lotion
13.5 Astringent Medicines
Zinc Oxide Cream
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic Medicines
Fluorescein 1% Eye Drops
1mg Strips
14.2 Radiocontrast Media
Barium Sulphate 100%w/v Suspension
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS
15.1 Antiseptics
Alcohol 70% Solution
70% Gel
Chlorhexidine Gluconate + Cetrimide 1.5% + 15% Solution
Chlorhexidine Gluconate [Obstetric] 1% Lotion
Hydrogen Peroxide 6% Solution
Povidone Iodine 10% Solution
15.2 Disinfectants
Alcohol 70% Solution
Chloramine 500mg Tablets
Hydrogen Peroxide 6% Solution
Povidone Iodine 10% Solution
16. DIURETICS
Frusemide 40mg Tablets
500mg Tablets
10mg/mL Injection
Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg Tablets
Mannitol 20% Injection
Spironolactone 25mg Tablets
17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES
17.1 Antacids and Other Antiulcer Medicines
Misoprostol 200mcg Tablets
Mylanta Original Tablets
Omeprazole 20mg Tablets
Ranitidine 10mg/mL Injection
150mg Tablets
17.2 Antiemetic Medicines
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate 4mg/mL Injection
Haloperidol 5mg/mL Injection
Metoclopramide 10mg Tablets
5mg/mL Injection
5mg Suppositories
Prochlorperazine 5mg Tablets
12.5mg/mL Injection
17.3 Laxative Medicines
Bisacodyl 10mg Enemas
5mg Tablets
5mg Suppositories
10mg Suppositories
Coloxyl 100mg/mL Drops
Coloxyl with Senna 50mg + 8mg Tablets
Lactulose 3.3g/5mL Solution
Sodium Citrate + Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate + Sorbitol (Micolette™) 90mg/mL + 9mg/mL + 625mg/mL Enemas
17.4 Antispasmodic Medicines
Hyoscine Butylbromide 10mg Tablets
20mg/mL Injection
17.5 Medicines Used in Diarrhoea
Codeine Phosphate 30mg Tablets
Loperamide 2mg Tablets
Oral Rehydration Salt Powder
17.6 Medicines for Perianal Disorders
Anti-haemorrhoid Ointment
Suppositories
18. HORMONES
18.1 Adrenal Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
Dexamethasone Sod Phosphate 4mg/mL Injection
Hydrocortisone 100mg Injection
5mg
25mg
Triamcinolone 10mg/mL Injection
18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Hormonal Contraceptives
Levonorgestrel + Ethinyloestradiol 30mcg + 150mcg Tablets
Levonorgestrel 750mcg Tablets
30mcg Tablets
18.4 Oestrogens
HRT - conjugated equine oestrogen 0.625mg Tablets
18.5 Insulins and Other Antidiabetic Agents
Glibenclamide 5mg Tablets
Gliclazide 80mg Tablets
Insulin, Isophane 100U/mL Injection
Insulin, Mixed 100U/mL Injection
Insulin, Neutral 100U/mL Injection
Metformin 500mg Tablets
18.7 Progestogens
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 150mg/mL Injection
Misoprostol 100mcg Tablets
200mcg Tablets
Norethisterone 5mg Tablets
18.8 Thyroid Hormones and Antithyroid Medicines
Carbimazole 5mg Tablets
Thyroxine 100mcg Tablets
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.2 Sera and Immunoglobulins
Tetanus Immunoglobulin 250 I.U. Injection
19.3.2 For Specific Group of Individuals
Tetanus Toxoid Injection
20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
Atracurium Besylate 10mg/mL Injection
Neostigmine Methylsulphate 2.5mg/mL Injection
Suxamethonium Chloride 50mg/mL Injection
Vecuronium 10mg Ampoule
21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
21.1 Anti-infective Agents
Acyclovir 3% Eye Ointments
Chloramphenicol 0.50% Eye Drops
1% Eye Ointments
Framycetin 0.50% Eye Drops
Gentamicin 0.30% Eye Drops
Tetracycline 1% Eye Ointments
21.2 Anti-inflammatory Agents
Dexamethasone Phosphate 0.10% Eye Drops
Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate 0.5% Eye Drops
21.3 Local Anaesthetics
Amethocaine 0.5% Eye Drops
21.4 Miotics and Antiglaucoma Medicines
Acetazolamide 250mg Tablets
Mannitol 20% Injection
Pilocarpine 2% Eye Drops
Timolol 0.25% Eye Drops
0.50% Eye Drops
21.5 Mydriatics
Atropine Sulphate 1% Eye Drops
Cyclopentolate 1% Eye Drops
21.7 Anti-infective + Anti-inflammatory Combination Agents
Neomycin Sulphate + Polymyxin B Sulphate + Dexamethasone 3500 I.U./mL + 6000 I.U./mL + 0.1% Eye Drops
21.8 Antihistamines
Azelastine 0.05% Eye Drops
21.9 Drugs for Dry Eyes
Carbomer 2mg/g Eye Gel
Carmellose 0.50% Eye Drops
22. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT MEDICINES
22.1 Topical Otic Medicines
22.1.1 Drugs for Acute Otitis Externa/Swimmer's Ear
Benzocaine+Phenazone [Auralgan™] 14mg+54mg Ear Drops
22.1.2 Anti-infectives
Chloramphenicol 0.50% Ear Drops
Ciprofloxacin 0.30% Ear Drops
Framycetin 0.50% Ear Drops
Framycetin + Gramicidin + Dexamethasone [Sofradex™] 5mg/mL + 50mcg/mL + 500mcg/mL Ear Drops
22.1.3 Drugs for Ear Wax
Dichlorobenzene + Chlorbutol [Cerumol™] 2% + 5% Ear Drops
22.2 Intranasal Decongestants
Xylometazoline 0.05%/0.1% Nasal Drops
0.1% Nasal Spray
23. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS
23.1 Oxytocics
Ergometrine 500mcg/mL Injection
Magnesium Sulfate 50% Injection
Nifedipine SR 20mg Tablets
Oxytocin + Ergometrine Maleate 5 I.U. + 500mcg Injection
Oxytocin 10 I.U./mL Injection
25. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES
25.1 Medicines Used in Psychotic Disorders
Benztropine 1mg/mL Injection
2mg Tablets
Chlorpromazine HCL 25mg Tablets
100mg Tablets
Fluphenazine Decanoate 25mg/mL Injection
Haloperidol 5mg/mL Injection
5mg Tablets
Olanzapine 5mg Tablets
Risperidone 2mg Tablets
4mg Tablets
25.2 Medicines Used in Mood Disorders
Amitriptyline HCL 25mg Tablets
Carbamazepine 200mg Tablets
Fluoxetine 20mg Capsules
Sodium Valproate 200mg Tablets
25.3 Medicines Used in Generalized Anxiety and Sleep Disorders
Diazepam 5mg Tablets
5mg/mL Injection
26. MEDICINES ACTING ON RESPIRATORY TRACT
26.1 Antiasthmatic Medicines
Aminophylline 25mg/mL Injection
Beclomethasone Dipropionate 50mcg/dose Inhaler
Hydrocortisone 100mg Injection
Ipratropium Bromide 250mcg(500mcg)/mL Respirator Solution
Salbutamol 4mg Tablets
2mg/5mL Oral Liquid
100mcg/dose Inhaler
5mg/mL Respirator Solution
500mcg/mL Injection
Theophylline SR 250mg Tablets
26.2 Antitussives
Codeine Phosphate 30mg Tablets
Pholcodine 1mg/mL Oral Liquid
26.3 Mucolytics
Bromhexine 8mg Tablets
4mg/5mL Oral Liquid
27. SOLUTION CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTES AND ACID-BASE
DISTURBANCES
27.1 Oral
Calcium Carbonate 600mg Tablets
Oral Rehydration Salt Powder
Potassium Chloride 600mg Tablets
Polystyrene Sulfonate Resins (Resonium A™) Powder
Zinc Sulphate 20mg Tablets
27.2 Parenteral
Dextrose 5% isotonic Injection
50% hypertonic Injection
Magnesium Sulfate 50% Injection
Potassium Chloride 1g/10mL Injection
Sodium Bicarbonate 8.40% Injection
Sodium Chloride 0.90% Injection
Sodium Chloride + Dextrose 4% + 0.18% Injection
Sodium Lactate Compound Injection
27.3 Miscellaneous
Water for Injection 10mL Injection
28. VITAMINS AND MINERALS
Ascorbic Acid 500mg Tablets
Calcitriol 0.25mcg Capsules
Calcium Carbonate 600mg Tablets
Calcium Carbonate+Vitamin D 300mg+60IU Tablets
Calcium Gluconate 10% Injection
Multivitamin Tablets
Oral Liquid
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 25mg Tablets
50mg Tablets
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) 100mg Tablets
100mg/mL Injection
Vitamin B Complex Tablets
29. BABY FORMULAS
S-26 Step 1 Powder
30. GENITOURINARY MEDICINES
30.1 Urinary Alkalinisers and acidifiers
Ural 4g Effervescent Powder
30.2 Drugs for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Terasozin 1mg Tablets














